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Modern and traditional design. Armenian too! www.TufenkianCarpets.com |
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Labijar is an important weaving area. The weavers include Saltuq Ersari, Taghan Ersari, and Hazara. Among the very best Afghan Turkmen Rugs are the old Saltuq Ersari Rugs from Labijar. Saltuq is Eastern Azeri for Seljuk.
Lahore was a capitol of the Mughal Empire and a center for carpet production.
Lahore type Mughal carpets have warps with 5 or more plys. The Incidence Of High Ply Counts In Early Cotton Warps
An Uzbek tribe noted for their embroidery.
"One tribe, the Lakai, are of particular interest here. Living in the mountains to the east of Bukhara, they were a fiercely independent people who were apparently never converted to Islam, isolating themselves from the main body of the Uzbeks and retaining the steppe tradition of the mounted warrior-herdsman long after other tribes had abandoned this lifestyle for peaceful shepherding and farming. The freedom of their way of life is reflected in their art and culture." http://www.30suzani.com/ (Michael Franses)
Lamb, Harold.
Lamb was born in New York City in 1892 and attended Columbia University. bio
Spy for the US (OSS ?) in W.W.II bio
"Lamb spoke many languages--French, Latin, ancient Persian, some Arabic, a smattering of Turkish, and a bit of Manchu-Tartar and medieval Ukrainian. (An additional source lists him as fluent in Chinese without mentioning which dialect.) He traveled throughout Asia, visiting most of the places he wrote about, and during World War II was on covert assignment overseas for the U.S. government." bio
My first real interest in Central Asia was as a young lad when I read Lamb's Tamerlane. I remember a burning desire to see Samarkand.
L'Art Copte
L'Art Copte. Petit Palais, 1964, French text.
Lamm, C.J. Carpet Fragments, The Marby Rug and Some Fragments of Carpets. Nationalmuseums Skrskftser. NS 7, 1985,
Lamm, Carl Johan. Mittelalterliche Gläser und Steinschnittarbeiten aus dem Nahen Osten. Forschungen zur islamischen Kunst; 5. Berlin: Verlag Dietrich Reimer/Ernst Vohsen, 1930.
Lamm, Carl Johan. "Some Mamluk Embroideries" in Ars Islamica. Vol. 4. 1937. 65-76.
Lamm, Carl Johan. "The Miniatures: Their Origin and Style" in Uppsala Universitets Årsskrift. Vol. 5. 1946. 34-39, pls. 1-24.
Lamm, Carl Johan. Cotton in Mediaeval Textiles of the Near East. Paris: Librairie Orientaliste Paul Geuthner, 1937.
Lamm, Carl Johan. "A Falconer's Kettledrum of Mameluke Origin in Livrustkammaren" in Livrustkammaren: Journal of the Royal Armoury, Stockholm. Vol. 6 No. 5-6. 1953. 80-94.
Lanari, G. Tappeti Turchi Di Villaggio. 1994,
Former Curator at the Textile Museum.
Landreau, A.N., & Pickering, W.R. From The Bosphorus To Samarkand: Flat-Woven Rugs. 1969,
Landreau, Anthony and Ralph Yohe. Flowers of the Yayla, Yoruk Weaving of the Toros Mountains. Washington: 1983.
Landreau, Anthony N. Kurdish Kilim Weaving in the Van-Hakkari District of Eastern Turkey, Textile Museum Journal, pp. 26-42, vol. 3, no. 4, December, Washington. 1973
Landreau, Anthony N., ed. Yoruk: The Nomadic Weaving Tradition of the Middle East. Museum of Art, Carnegie Institute, Pittsburgh. 1978
Lane, Maggie.
Lane, Maggie. Chinese Rugs Designed for Needlepoint. 1975.
Lane, Arthur.
Lane, Arthur. "Medieval Finds at Al Mina in North Syria" in Archaeologia. Vol. (2nd ser., 38) 87. 1938. 19-78.
Lane, Arthur. Later Islamic Pottery: Persia, Syria, Egypt, Turkey. London: Faber and Faber, 1957. Second edition, 1971.
Lane-Poole, Stanley.
Lane-Poole, Stanley. The Art of the Saracens in Egypt. London: Chapman and Hall, 1886.
Langlands, Irene.
Langlands, I. & Langlands, R. Rare Oriental Rugs. 1990.
Langlands, I. and Langlands, R. Rare Oriental Rugs 1991. Tribal Tradition. 1991,
Langlands, R. & Langlands, I. Rare Oriental Rugs 1993. "Beasts, Birds, Blossums & Botehs" 1993, Khamseh saddle cover;
Langlands, R. & Langlands, I. Rare Oriental Rugs 1995. Colour And Dyeing. 1995,
Langlands, Ross and Irene: Rare Oriental Rugs. 1995,
Langlands, Ross: Rare Oriental Rugs 1990. 19th Century Persian Medallion Carpets. Sydney: 1990.
Langlands, Ross
Langlands, I. & Langlands, R. Rare Oriental Rugs. 1990.
Langlands, I. and Langlands, R. Rare Oriental Rugs 1991. Tribal Tradition. 1991,
Langlands, R. & Langlands, I. Rare Oriental Rugs 1993. "Beasts, Birds, Blossums & Botehs" 1993, Khamseh saddle cover;
Langlands, R. & Langlands, I. Rare Oriental Rugs 1995. Colour And Dyeing. 1995,
Langlands, Ross and Irene: Rare Oriental Rugs. 1995,
Langlands, Ross: Rare Oriental Rugs 1990. 19th Century Persian Medallion Carpets. Sydney: 1990.
Langton, Mary Beach.
Langton, M.B. How To Know Oriental Rugs. 1916 (1904 copyright),
Langton, Mary Beach. How to Know Oriental Rugs ; NY: 1904.
Lanier, M.B.
Lanier, M.B. English And Oriental Carpets at Williamsburg. 1975,
Edward Geary Lansdale, Brigadier General USAF Retired
Lansdale served in the Office of Strategic Services (OSS) in World War II and went on to work in the Central Intelligence Agency.
Organized a successful counterinsurgency campaign in the Philippines in the early 1950s against the communist Huk rebellion.
Coresponded with Sheila Payne.
Lapidus, Ira M.
Larsson, Lennart.
Larsson, Lennart. Carpets from China, Xianjiang and Tibet. Boston: 1989.
Laszlo, E.
Laszlo, E. Flamand Es Francia Karpitok Gyarorszagon. 1980, Corvina,
Latham, J. D.
Latham, J. D. "Review of Islam and the Trade of Asia: A Colloquium, edited by D. S. Richards" in BSOAS. Vol. 35. 1972. 367-370.
Lawrence, Thomas Edward, "T. E."
British sodomite and agent provocateur Thomas Edward "T. E." Lawrence (Lawrence of Arabia)
Lawrence, T. E. (Thomas Edward), 1888-1935. Title Seven pillars of wisdom, a triumph. Garden City, N.Y.: Doubleday, Doran & company, Inc., 1935.
Lederman, A.J., Walker, D. & Wolf, M. A Skein Through Time. 1996,
Ledes, Allison Eckardt. "Egyptian Carpets (Beyond the Pyramids: Geometry and Design in the Carpets of Egypt, 1450-1750, at the Textile Museum in Washington, D.C.)" in The Magazine Antiques. Vol. 140. July 1991. 30.
Lee, Yu-Kuan. Art Rugs from Silk Route and Great Wall Areas. Tokyo: 1980.
Lefevre and Partners: Central Asian Carpets ; London: 1976.
Lefevre and Partners: The Persian Carpet ; London: 1977.
Lefevre & Partners: Central Asian Carpets, Supplement One ; London: 1977.
Lefevre and Partners: The Sarre Mamluk and Twelve Other Classical Rugs from the Same Private Collection ; London: 1980.
Lefevre and Partners: Turkish Carpets from the 16th to 19th Century ; London: 1977.
Deceased, prominient auctioneer in England, born in France, fought with the resistance in WWII.
Christopher Legge Oriental Carpets
Oriental Carpet dealer in Oxford England
Trusted Resource List - Rug & Carpet Dealers Outside The U.S.
Legner, Anton.
Legner, Anton. "Islamische keramik in Resafa" in Annales archéologiques de Syrie. Vol. 14. 1964. 98-107.
Leitch, G.B. Chinese Rugs. 1928, Dodd Mead,
Leitch, Gordon B. Chinese Rugs. New York: Tudor Publishing Co., 1928.
Leix, Alfred. Turkestan and its Textile Crafts. Basingstoke: 1974.
On Oct. 7, 1571, John of Austria commander of the Holy League led his ships into battle off the coast of Lepanto, Greece in the Gulf of Patras.
The Holy League was Spain, Venice, and the Papal States of Italy.
The set back was temporary.
Lerch, M. Alte Und Antike Orientalische Knupfkunst. 1991,
The Lesghi Star pattern is originally attributed to Daghestan but during the Russian commercial period was made throughout the Caucasus.
Late Period Lesghi Star Kazak Rug from Belgium
Lessing, Julius.
Lessing, Julius. Ancient Oriental Carpet Patterns. London: 1879.
Lewinsky, Monica
A young American woman who became involved in a plot to blackmail President Clinton to give the Israeli government a better bargaining position in the peace negotions with the Palestinians. Lewinsky was placed in close proximity with President Clinton by Deputy Press Secretary Barry Toiv. Using that access she was able to secuce the President
Lewis, F.
Lewis, F. Oriental Rugs and Textiles, The Perez Collection. Leigh-on-Sea: 1953.
Lewis, G. Griffin.
Lewis, G. Griffin. The Practical Book of Oriental Rugs. Philadelphia: 1920.
Lewis, S.D.
Lewis, S.D. Early Coptic Textiles. 1969,
In 1967 the nation of Israel became convinced that an American war ship in International waters was spying on Israel. Israel ordered it's Airforce and Navy to commit three attacks on the US vessel. The Israelis used bomb, machinegun, and napalm attacks. The attacks beging at 2:00 in the afternoon June 8, 1967 and were conducted despite the clearly visible American flags on the ship. In between the first and second bombing attacks a huge American flag was displayed to let the Israelis know it was a US vessel. On the second attack the Israelis attacked that flag draped ship with missiles and napalm. In the third attack Israeli gunboats fired at the survivors. 34 American sailors died in those 3 attacks. Loftus & Aarons. Secret War page 263 to 264
The USS Liberty The Israeli version
The Assault on the USS Liberty Still Covered Up After 26 years
Lichnowsky, Furstin Machthilde
Lichnowsky was a former owner of The David Sylvester Northwest Persian Carpet,
Thick attractive rugs made by Armenians in Iran. These rugs are related to Sarouk rugs but are made with sturdy single wefted construction.
How Armenians got to Lilihan
In the sixteenth century Persia was a divided
region between various powers. For much of
the 16th the Ottoman empire controlled Persia
either militarily or as a vassal state and the
eastern border fluctuated by the wars with the
Timurids, Uzbeks, Turkmen, and Mughals. Finally
in the closing years of the century Abbas Safavi
called Abbas the Great finally slipped the bounds
of Turkish control and established what we know
as modern Persia. One of the keys to his foreign
and domestic policy involved moving ethic groups
around like Chess pieces on a board. The Safavi
were a Turkmen IL when they started. This led to
continuing political instability with the aymaqs
(tribes) acting as independent nation states to
the detriment of the Safavi monarchy. The way
Abbas solved this problem was a 3 fold effort.
A. Break up the most troublesome aymaqs. The Afshar who were a particularly troublesome aymaq were spilt up into many areas including many who were sent to Kerman.
B. Replace the problematic Turkomen with troops drawn primarily from groups loyal to the Monarchy rather than a tribe, Troops were drawn from the Caucasus, and the Kurds who were loyal and open to using muskets.
C, Pay for the effort by moving the Armenians into the interior of the country and helping them in business. The classical carpets of Isphahan were Armenian and the leading traders were Armenian. One innovation was grants to Armenian Merchants that in effect made them partners with the crown.
Lindahl, David and T. Knorr: "Uzbek", The Textiles and Life of the Nomadic and Sedentary Uzbek Tribes of Central Asia.
Ireland's leading dealer in Old & Antique rugs, carpets, runners, kilims, tribal weavings, Uzbec Suzanis and period European tapestries. Also a leading dealer within the DOBAG project with substantial stock at any time. Finally we do a number of other modern rugs like Zollanvari Gabbehs, Egyptian "Zieglers" and Khan Mohamadi Afghan rugs from Peshawar, Pakistan.
All our pieces must have stable dyes, preferably all natural. We avoid big production lines and excessively "antique washed" pieces. No painted rugs, rugs with cut-and-shut reductions, really only in mint condition if we can help it.
Finally we do in-house washing and restoration.
Jahanghir hunted lions in India. Lions were common in India and Persia. Akbar: the Great Mogul. Page 291.
Lipton, Mimi:
Lipton, Mimi. The Tiger Rugs of Tibet. London: 1988.
Understanding Tibetan Rugs" Denver: ACOR4 Focus Session, 1998.
Iranian program under M.R. Pahlavi circa 1964 similar to US Peace Corp but for domestic use. the Corp was partly to educate his people and partially to erase the Turkic elements of Iranian culture. This is part of the White Revolution.
Washington DC area (Germantown MD) carpet restorers.
Löfgren, Oscar.
Löfgren, Oscar. "Ambrosian Fragments of an Illuminated Manuscript Containing the Zoology of al-Gahiz" in Uppsala Universitets Årsskrift. Vol. 5. 1946. 1-33.
"Turkoman Roundtable", Chicago: Panelist ACOR II, 1996
E.B. (Ned) Long. Ned and Joan Long are widely respected experts and superlative collectors
"Turkoman Roundtable", Chicago: Moderator ACOR II, 1996
A Conversation With E.B. Long by George W. O'Bannon From Oriental Rug Review. E.B. (Ned) Long.
Longenecker, Martha
Longenecker, Martha ed. Folk Art in the Soviet Union. San Diego: 1989.
Lorentz, H.A.
Lorentz, H.A. A View of Chinese Rugs, from the Seventeenth to the Twentieth Century. London: 1972.
Lori Pambak are a type of Kazak attributed to the town of Lori Pambak which is south of Tbilisi (Tiflis) capital of the Republic of Georgia. The key to attribution is the distinctive medallion.
Lori Pambak Rug, s689n70
Lori Pambak Rug, s689n81
Lori Pambak Kazak Rug, s1290n147
Tschebull Antique Carpets-Publications by R. Tschebull
Los Angeles County Museum of Art
Tile panel for a spandrel Iran, Isfahan, seventeenth century Fritware, cuerda seca technique.
Man with pitchfork Inscribed: Reza-i Abbasi Iran, Isfahan, dated July 11, 1634 (4 Safar, A.H. 1044)
The Ardabil carpet Iran, dated 1539–40 (A.H. 946) Wool and silk
Turkish Textile, possibly a cushion cover Turkey, mid-sixteenth century
Tugra (imperial monogram) of Sulayman the Magnificent Turkey, c. 1550–65
Michael Kahlenberg was curator of Textiles.
Italian painter who used recognisable Oriental rugs as props in his paintings.
Louca, Claire Cecile.
Louca, Claire Cecile. "Étoffes mamlukes du Musée des Tissus de Lyon" in CIETA Bulletin. Vol. 72. 1994. 20-33.
Louca, Claire Cecile. "Some Reflections on Mamluk Silks" Master's thesis, American University in Cairo, 1989.
Loveless is one of Great Brittian's more interesting dealers and a frequent face in Hali.
Cohen, S., Black, D., Loveless, C.The Unappreciated Dhurrie, David Black Oriental Rugs, London, 1982
Lowry, Glenn D.
Glenn D. Lowry director of New York City's Museum of Modern Art.
Books:
Williamstown, MA. Sterling and Francine Clark Institute. Text by Milo Cleveland Beach with contributions by Stuart Cary Welch and Glenn D. Lowry. The Grand Mogul, Imperial Painting in India, 1600 - 1660. exhibition dates: Sept. 25 - Nov. 3, 1978. 1978
Wiencek, Henry and Lowry, Glenn D. with Heller, Amanda. Storm Across Asia HBJ Press 1980.
Henry Wiencek, Glenn D. Lowry, with Amanda Heller ; preface by W.M. Thackston, Jr. Storm across Asia Cassell, 1980.
Shen Fu , Glenn D. Lowry and Ann Yonemura From Concept To Context: Approaches to Asian and Islamic Calligraphy Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution, Freer Gallery,1986
Brand, Michael & Lowry, Glenn D. AKBAR'S INDIA: Art from the Mughal City of Victory. New York, The Asia Society Galleries, (1986).
Michael Brand and Glenn D. Lowry. Fatehpur-Sikri. Bombay: Marg Publications, 1987.
Lowry, Glenn D.; Yonemura, Ann and Beach, Milo C. Fu, Shen. The Inaugural Gift: Asian Art in the Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution, 1987
Lowery, Glenn D. and Nemazee Susan. A Jeweler's Eye. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1988.
Lowery, Glenn D. An Annotated and Illustrated Checklist of the Vever Collection, a Jeweler's Eye : Islamic Arts of the Book from the Vever Collection. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institution Press,
Lowery, Glenn D. and Lentz, Glenn D. Timur and the Princely Vision. Washington DC: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery Smithsonian Institution, University of Washington Press, 1989.
Findly, Ellison Banks. Intro. by Glenn D. Lowry. Foreword by Richard S. Teitz. From the Courts of India: Indian Miniatures in the Collection of the Worcester Art Museum. Worcester Art Museum, 80 pp., illus.
Galassi, Peter & Susan Kismaric (eds.). Essays by William Safire and Peter Galassi. Foreword by Glenn D. Lowry Pictures of the Times. A Century of Photography from The New York Times Museum of Modern Art New York, 1997.
Articles:
Miscellaneous:
Lur is a name for the earliest known inhabitants of the Zagros mountain in Iran. For at least 5500 years the Luri have lived in that area. The have not been a politically powerful tribe in recent memory and are considered to be of a lower status than their neighbors such as the Qashqai or the Bakhtiyari.
Luri is also a Persian language of which Bakhtiyari is a dialect.
Luri is the plural of Lur
Luristan or Lurestan is the land of the Luri
Kuhgiluyeh is a Lur confederation that borders the Qashqai. It has two main component tribes.
Boir Ahmad
Mamasanni
The Bakhtiyari were a major Luri confederation that gained it's power by selling it's sole to the British.
Often used as an extension of British foreign policy and oil interests. The Bakhtiyari were long standing enemies of the Qashqai as well as the Dashtistani, the Tangistani, and the Dashti tribes of the Persian Gulf Coast. Beck, Lois. The Qashqai of Iran, pages 32 and 33.
J. Barry O'Connell Jr.
Copyright Barry O'Connell 2004 - 2006.
Last revised: November 09, 2008.