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Rug Notes Index
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Tabasarans
Tabbaa, Yasser,
Tabbaa, Yasser, "The
Muqarnas Dome, its Origin and Meaning," in
Muqarnas, vol. 3 1985.
Tabriz
Tabrizi
Hook or Knife
Tadgell,
Christopher,
Tadgell, Christopher, The History
of Architecture in India: From the Dawn of
Civilization to the End of the Raj, London UK:
1990.
Tafkir Group
Taghan
Tagyeva,
Roiya C.
Shah Tahmasp
Taimani
Taimani A dialect of Chahar
Aimaq. In former times a component tribe of the
Chahar Aimaq.
In the war of succession after
the death of Mongke a Tamma of the Golden Horde
became separated in the war against the Il-Khanids and was
stranded on the Indian border. Most likely the Zamindawar of
Afghanistan. That Tamma was joined by the
remnants of a Golden Horde Tamma under the
General Neguder or as the Persians called him
Nicuder. The Tamma basically went independent or
Qazaq. We know the Nicudari figured prominently
in the Baburnama so from that source we can link
the Taimani of today with the lost Tamma of the
thirteenth century. As a side note, French
historian Jean Aubin postulates that this group
was the Qaraunus of whom Marco Polo wrote.
Members of a Tamma of Golden
Horde warriors ended up in Afghanistan about 1261
and are known to us as Qaraunus or Nicudari.
(They were unable to return to the Horde because
of war with the Il-Khanids)
Morgan,
The Mongols. Page 95
September 6th 1260 a Mamluk army
under Baibars smashed a smaller Mongol army at
Ain Jalut in Galilee. Hulegu rushed to revenge
his men but became embroiled in war with the Golden Horde.
This stopped the Mongol western advance. Rossabi,
Khubilai Khan. Page 55.
Taimani
Rug with Long Skirts
Baluch
Rugs: Seh Mihraba Taimani Rug
Baluch
Rugs: Taimani Baluch Rug
Chahar
Aymaq Pushti Bag/Pillow
Taj Mahal:
The huge white marble mausoleum
built by Shah Jahan for his beloved wife, Mumtaz
Mahal. After her death during childbirth in 1631
Shah Jahan set over 20,000 artists, designers,
craftsmen, and laborers to work on what may
easily be considered one of the greatest
buildings of all time. The building is important
because of the delicate beauty of a blend of
Islamic art and Hindu art.
Explore
the Taj Mahal India, online VR tour
Takehara,
Shinji.
Takehara, Shinji. "Dantsu,
Japanese Cotton Pile Carpets". Hali 98,
1998. page 74. "Probably inspired by Chinese
models, dantsu rugs nevertheless acquired a
uniquely Japanese identity. At first the province
of the very rich, they were later produced cheap
Talas, Battle
of
751 AD: Battle of Talas: The Tang
Chinese were defeated by the Moslem Arabs at the
battle of the Talas River northeast of Tashkent.
It was at this battle that Chinese papermakers
were captured by the Arabs and paper making
spread west.
Care
and feeding of the Akhal Teke/Tekke Horses by
Boulger
Talas is in modern day
Kyrgyzstan.
Taleqan
Taleqan or Talehan
There are two Taleqans of note in
Afghanistan. The more important today is in the
Northeast east of Kunduz. The more significant in
a historical perspective is the Taleqan which
guards the northern approach of a pass through
the Hindu Kush. Since in ancient times there were
only 6 passes through the Hindu Kush and this was
the most important Taleqan was a key city at the
time of the Mongol invasion in 1221.
Wahabbi Uzbek Commander of
Taleqan Juma
Namangani
Talib
Taliban
Pathan Tablighi parties (now
known as the Taliban)
Created out of the refugee
community in Pakistan and shaped into a rebel
force under Pakistan Minister of the Interior
General Naseerullah Babar. General Naseerullah
Babar was a leader of the Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islami
which was a political party that controlled the
maddrasahs (religious schools) where the Talibs
(students) we recruited to create Taliban. Prime
Minister Benazir Bhutto had to accept Taliban to
get Jamiat-e-Ulema-i-Islami support for her
coalition Government.
Up until at least Kabul,
Pakistani soldiers were dressing up as Taliban
and supporting the rabble. Command and control
was by Pakistani Army officers. Pakistan
International Airlines (PIA) and the Pakistani
airforce service Taliban MiG jets and
helicopters.
Major funding comes through poppy
cultivation and the Heroin trade. Taliban does
not participate directly but taxes the drug
dealers and growers 20%. I do not believe the
Heroin trade could exist without the acquiescence
of the Pakistani Government.
Sharia Law
Taliban started as a flavor of
Heterodox Sunni Islam but has had considerable
Wahhabi influence.
Taliban and
Islam
Wahabbi Uzbek Commander of
Taleqan Juma
Namangani
Talish
Talwar, K.
Tamga
"The term tamga, originally
referring to the ``seal'' of a given group, was
later borrowed by Russians to designate customs
levies (Russian: tamozhnia). The tamga was
embroidered on Central Asian tents, incorporated
into rugs, filigreed into jewelry, struck into
coins, and used as a cattle brand. A list of
early tamgas is found in Kashgarli Mahmut's
eleventh century work the Diwan Lugat at Turk. It
provides, in part, the visual identification
component of the membership in the polity." Paksoy, Basmachi
KIRIM BAYRA?I : TARAK TAMGA
Tamosi, Myron.
Tanavoli,
Parviz.
Tang Dynasty
Tang (618 - 907)
Many Historians consider the Tang
dynasty second only to the Han in importance. In
the first half of the dynasty the empire expanded
and China had one of it's great artistic periods.
The Tang pushed beyond the Tarim Basin into
Turkestan and occupied the Ferghana Valley. We
can see the influence of this expansion in the
funeral statuary of the Tang circa 700. Camels,
Central Asians and Jewish peddlers are among the
art found in the tombs of the Tang. This artistic
expansion and Imperial expansion extended until
751 AD when the Chinese lost to Arab Moslems at
the Battle of Talas. This was a crucial battle
because it caused the Chinese to pull back. The
loss of the outermost provinces weakened the Tang
emperor Xuanzong. This brought on the rebellion
of An Lushan which brought the Chinese borders
back to the Great Wall and caused a gradual
decline of Imperial power that lasted for 150
years. Even though the Arabs never pushed into
the Tarim Basin the vacuum of power allowed the
establishment of an Uigher Khanate in the Tarim
Basin and a series of Persian and Turkish
kingdoms to emerge in Turkestan.
Tanghe, Paul.
Tani, Shah
Nawaz.
Tapper,
Nancy Lindisfarne.
Has published as Nancy Tapper and
Nancy Lindisfarne.Formerly married to Richard
Tapper.
Tapper, Nancy Lindisfarne.
Bartered brides : politics, gender, and marriage
in an Afghan tribal society / Nancy Tapper.
Cambridge [England] ; New York : Cambridge
University Press, 1991. Series title: Cambridge
studies in social and cultural anthropology ; 74
Tapper, Nancy Lindisfarne. (ED.)
& Ingham, Bruce (ED.) LANGUAGES OF DRESS IN
THE MIDDLE EAST. Curzon Press, 1997. (xvi, 196
p., b/w ills., notes, ind.
Lindisfarne, Nancy. Mihai I.
Spariosu, editor DANCING IN DAMASCUS.
Binghamton,: Suny 2000. A volume in the SUNY
series.
Cornwall, A. and
Lindisfarne-Tapper 1994 Dislocating
Masculinities: Gender Studies and Anthropology
London: Routledge HQ 1067
Tapper, Richard
Lionel
Tarim Basin
Tarom
Rugman
Tarom Persian Rug
Tarom: Tarom is a small village
in Northern Iranís Gilan province. It is
situated just east of Rashte. Each year, Tarom
produces a fair amount of handmade Persian rugs.
The quality in Tarom rugs is fairly good and they
have been known to last a very long time. Tarom
usually makes geometric styles, and floral
patterns are rarely made. The rugs of Tarom are
very close in appearance to the rugs of Zanjan.
The semi-nomadic makers of these rugs weave these
rugs in a very primitive and simple manner. The
colors in a Tarom rug may be any combination of
salmon, baby blue, and navy blue. Reds are very
rarely seen in Tarom rugs.
Zanjan now boasts several towns
such as the namesake provincial centre of Zanjan,
Abhar, Khorramdarreh, Khodabandeh, Ijrud, Tarom
and Mahneshan. Getting to know Zanjan province
TAKESTANI: a language of Iran,
SIL code: TKS, ISO 639-2: ira
Population 220,000.
Region Various towns and villages in the mainly
Azerbaijani-speaking region from Khalkhal to
Saveh, especially in Takestan and villages to the
south and southeast.
Alternate names TAKISTANI
Dialects KHALKHAL, TAROM, ZANJAN, KHARAQAN,
RAMAND (TAKESTAN).
Classification Indo-European, Indo-Iranian,
Iranian, Western, Northwestern, Talysh.
Comments Close to Talysh, especially Khalkhal
dialect. Bilingualism in Farsi. Different from
Tat of Russia, Azerbaijan, and Iran. Muslim. http://www.ethnologue.com/show_language.asp?code=TKS
Tarzi,
Zemaryalai.
Dr. Zemaryalai Tarzi, Former
Director General of Afghan Institute of
Archaeology.
Professor of Archaeology at USHS,
Strasbourg, France.
Fiercely nationalistic
Archaeologist.
Tasheh
Tatar
"An "independent"
Crimean Khanate dates to the 1430s." Paksoy, Crimean
Tatars
"The Tatars, like other
Turks in Chinggisid armies, practiced
Shamanism." Paksoy,
Crimean
Tatars
"The Tatars had their first
flirtation with Islam during the reign of the
Chinggisid Berkei Khan (r. 1257-1267). However,
Islam was not widely established until after the
accession of Ozbeg (1313-1340)." It however
was not a universal conversion and there remained
pockets of Taoism and Shamanism for extended
perods of time. Paksoy,
Crimean
Tatars
Tattersall,
Creassey.
Taushandjian,
K. S.
Taube, Jakob.
Taylor, Maxwell
Taylor, R.
Teflon
Coating for Rugs,
Teflon Treatment of Rugs - Susan
Sanders 07:22:56 6/29/98 (3)
Tehran
Teke
Tenet, George
Tent Band
Terin
Terrace, E.
Terry, Jon.
Terrorist
Groups
The Terrorist
Interdiction Program
Textile Museum
Textile
Museum Fighting Elephant Fragment
The Textile Museum Fighting
Elephant Fragment was made in Lahore India circa
1630. The fragment was previously in the Sarre
Collection but is now in the collection of the
Textile Museum Washington, DC.
Lahore India, circa 1630 (+ or -
15 years).
Mughal Fighting
Elephant Fragment
Textile Museum: Rugs and Textiles
of Late Imperial China ; Washington: 1994.
Textiles.
Tezcan, Hulye.
Thackston,
Wheeler.
Wheeler M. Thackston Jr. is
Professor of the Practice of Persian and other
Near East Languages at Harvard University He has
taught Persian and Arabic at Harvard for over
twenty years.
Professor Wheeler Thackston is a
highly regarded expert on the Persian language
and has been a key resource for many of the
world's top Islamic scholars. Thackston is
translator of numerous works including a very
nice translation of the Baburnama.
Babur,
Zahiruddin Muhammad. Baburnama
Thacher,
Amos Bateman.
Thacher was a member of the Hajji
Baba and an important early author on Turkmen
rugs. Good friend of Joseph
V. McMullan .
The Rugs of Amos Bateman Thacher,
by George W. O'Bannon, Oriental Rug Review, Vol. 8/2,
December/January, 1988
Thacher, Amos. Turkoman Rugs ;
London: 1940.
Thacher, Amos. Turkoman Rugs ;
London: 1940. 155 pp., 1977/8 reprint,
Thacher, Amos. Turkoman Rugs ;
NY: 1940.
Ther, U.
Thomas, Edward,
Thomas, Edward, "On the
Coins of the Kings of Ghazni," in Journal of
the Royal Asiatic Society, vol. ix, 1848, pp.
275-6.
Thomas, P.
Thomas, T.K.
Thompson, F.P.
Thompson, Jon
MD
Dr. Jon Thompson has been one of
the most important scholar/dealers, particularly
in the study of Turkoman rugs. The present state
of the field certainly bears the mark of his
scholarship.
Studied medicine at Cambridge and
practiced medicine in London UK.
Edited English edition of A.A.
Bogolyubov, "Carpets of Central Asia:
Basingstoke, 1975. (General
Andrei Andreevich Bogolyubov)
Central Asian Carpets with J.
Lefevre, London, 1976.
Turkish Carpets, with J. Lefevre,
London, 1977.
Caucasian Carpets, with J.
Lefevre, London, 1977.
Persian Carpets, with J. Lefevre,
London, 1977.
Thompson also authored one of the
very best introductory rug books Thompson,
Jon. Oriental Carpets .
Mackie,
Louise & Thompson, Jon. Turkmen Imreli
Thompson, J. Silk, Carpets and
the Silk Road. 1988,
Selections
from the Thompson Oriental Carpet Sale.
"Salor Design: Its Place In
the Turkmen
Tradition". Washington DC: ICOC 1980.
Thompson, Jon The Sarre Mamluk.
Lefevre, London. 1980
Thompson,
W. Kenneth.
Thorau, Peter.
Thorau, Peter. "Syrien und
Palästina: Die Kreuzfahrerstaaten im 13.
Jahrhundert" Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen
Orients; B VIII 10. Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig
Reichert Verlag, 1989.
Thorau, Peter. "Zur
Geschichte der Mamluken und ihrer
Erforschung" in Die Welt des Orients. Vol.
20-21. 1989-1990. 227-240.
Thorau, Peter. "Review of
The Age of the Crusades: The Near East from the
Eleventh Century to 1517, by Peter M. Holt"
in Die Welt des Orients. Vol. 18. 1987. 214-215.
Thorau, Peter. "Die Burgen
der Assassinen in Syrien und ihre Einnahme durch
Sultan Baibars" in Die Welt des Orients.
Vol. 18. 1987. 132-158.
Thorau, Peter. "The Battle
of `Ayn Jalut: A Reexamination" in Crusade
and Settlement: Papers Read at the First
Conference of the Society for the Study of the
Crusades and the Latin East and Presented to R..
C. Smail. Edbury, Peter W. (edited by). Cardiff:
University College Cardiff Press, 1985. 236-241.
Thorau, Peter. Sultan Baibars I.
von Ägypten: Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des
Vorderen Orients im 13. Jahrhundert. Beihefte zum
Tübinger Atlas des Vorderen Orients; Reihe B
(Geisteswissenschaften), 63. Wiesbaden: L.
Reichert, 1987.
Thorau, Peter. The Lion of Egypt:
Sultan Baybars I and the Near East in the
Thirteenth Century. London and New York: Longman,
1992.
Thorp, R.L.
The Throne
Verse
From the Koran Verse 255 of Sura
2 is known as the Ayah Al-Kursee or "The Throne Verse".
"Allah!
There is no god but He, the Living, the
self subsisting, Eternal. No slumber can
seize him, nor sleep. His are all things
in the heavens and on the earth. Who can
intercede in His presence except as He
permiteth. He knoweth What (appeareth to
His creatures as) before or after or
behind them. Nor shall they compass ought
of His knowledge except as He willeth.
His Throne doth extend over the heavens
and the earth, and He feeleth no fatigue
in guarding and preserving them, for He
is the Most High, The Supreme (in
glory)". The Holqy Quran'n And The
Ethical World Order
This verse is a popular
declaration of faith and appears in other works
of Islamic Art including the 16th century
Indjoudjian Inscribed Spiral Arabesque Niche Rug
(attributed by Michael Franses to Central Persia,
circa 1575 http://www.textile-art.com/tg/17724.html)
A
Lustre-Decorated Kashan 13th C. Star Tile
Thurman, C.C.M.
Tibet
Tietzel,
Brigitte
Tietzel, B. Persiche seiden.
1988,
Persische seiden des 16.-18.
Jahrhunderts aus dem Besitz des Deutschen
Textilmuseums Krefeld. Krefeld. 1988
Tiffany
Studios.
Tiffany Studios. The Tiffany
Studios Collection OF Antique Chinese Rugs. 1908,
Tiffany Studios. Antique Chinese
Rugs. 1969 reprint (2nd printing, 1970) of the
1908 ed.,
Tiffany Studios: Antique Chinese
Rugs ; Rutland, Vt.: 1908. 96 pp., (1976
reprint),
Tiger
Tilden, Jill,
Timmerman,
Kenneth.
Kenneth Timmerman is a former
Time magazine reporter. His mix of great writing,
solid investigation and right wing fringe
activism tends to marginalize his work. Ken needs
to decide if he is a journalist or a politician.
Timmerman ran unsuccessfully for US Senator from
Maryland losing convincingly in the Republican
Primary.
Timmerman is a frequent guest on Don Kroah’s
right wing talk radio program. Kroah's show is
vaguely Christian but primarily a front for the
Republican party.
Review - Selling
out America
Timur
Timur was born in Kesh
(Shahr-i-Sabz) in 1336.
Timur was a kinsman to Cinggis
Qan and hereditary member of the clan Barulas. He
was both Mongol as a Barulas and also a Chagatai
Turk as a member of the Chagatai Horde.
A destructive conqueror who
ravaged the Islamic world.
Timuri
A dialect of Chahar Aimaq. In
former times a component tribe of the Chahar
Aimaq.
In the first quarter of the
sixteenth century the Timurid leadership was
squeezed out of Khorasan by the Uzbeks to the
north and the Safavids
to the west. The leadership left to Turkey or
India but the some of the Timurid Aymaqs stayed.
One of these were the Timuri.
They were later confederated with
several other Aymaqs into the Chahar Aymaqs.
The Timuri primarily lived in the
Herat area until 1857 when the tribe moved into
Persian Khorasan.
Guide
to Timuri Rugs
Timurid
Titley, Norah
M.
Khan Tokhtamysh
Khan Tokhtamysh (1376-95)
In 1380 Khan Tokhtamysh (1376-95)
the hereditary ruler of the White Horde merges
with the Golden Horde.(To eventually gain control
over both.)
1382 the Golden Horde under Khan
Tokhtamysh sacks and burns Moscow.
Tokhtamysh allied with Timur, to
reasserted Mongol power in Russia.
Finnally the alliance with Timur
breaks causing Timur to destroys the Golden Horde
capital of Sarai Berke and occupy Moscow.
Togan, Zeki
Velidi.
A Baskurt-Turk. Paksoy, Basmachi
Togan Memoirs:
Togan, Zeki Velidi.Turk and Tatar
History (Turk ve Tatar Tarihi). Kazan: 1911. Paksoy, Basmachi
Professor Zeki Velidi Togan
(1890-1970) was a professor of history for over
half a century. He taught and earned academic
degrees and rank in the institutions of higher
learning on three continents, including the U.S.
Early in his career, Togan had been a principal
leader of the Turkistan National Liberation
Movement in Central Asia (1916- 1930s).Paksoy, Basmachi
Togan conducted research trips
for both the Archeology and Ethnography Society
of Kazan University and the Imperial Russian
Academy of Sciences, jointly with International
Central Asia Research Society, Paksoy, Basmachi
Author of nearly four hundred
individual books and articles in at least five
languages.Paksoy,
Basmachi
Togan
Memoires:
Togan
Memoires: Part Two
Togan
Memoirs: Part Three
Togan
Memories Part Four
Toiv, Barry
Tokharians
Tolui
Ton-sur-ton
Topalian, Malcom,
Topalian, Mark,
Topham, John M.
Topkapi Palace
Topkapi
Palace Museum
For information regarding the
museum, Telephone: 90-212-5120480
Museum hours are 9:30 am - 5:00
pm.
Topkapi Palace is closed on
Tuesdays.
Harem section can be visited only
by a guided tour and tickets should be purchased
separetely.
Entrance fares:
Between about $3
and $5 depending on the exchange
rate.
Turkish students
and soldiers : Free
Entrance fare for
the Harem section:
Contact address for
researchers :
Kultur Bakanligi Anitlar ve Muzeler Genel
Mudurlugu,
II. Meclis Binasi, 06100, Ulus, Ankara.
Telephone: 90-312-3104960
Fax: 90-312-3111417
Internet: http://www.kultur.gov.tr
Comments to history@ee.bilkent.edu.tr
http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/topkapi.html
Tora Bora
Torba
Torchia,
Robert Wilson
Collections of the National
Gallery of Art Systematic Catalogue
American Paintings of the Nineteenth Century,
Part II
Robert Wilson Torchia, with Deborah Chotner and
Ellen G. Miles, 1998
Robert Wilson Torchia received
his Ph.D. in art history from the University of
Pennsylvania in 1989. He is a specialist in
American art of the late eighteenth through the
early twentieth centuries, and has a strong
secondary field in oriental rugs and textiles. He
is the author of John Neagle: Philadelphia
Portrait Painter (1989), The Smiths: A
Family of Philadelphia Artists (1998), and American
Paintings of the Nineteenth Century, Volume II,
The Collection of the National Gallery of Art
Systematic Catalogue (1998), and a number of
articles on such noted American artists as Thomas
Eakins, Joshua Johnson, and Thomas Sully. He is
particularly interested in American art in
Florida, and has written A Florida Legacy:
Thomas Moran's Ponce de Leon in Florida
(1998), and Ernst Conrad Kasten: Palatka
Expressionist (1999). Lost Colony: The Artists of St.
Augustine, 1930-1950; essay by Robert W. Torchia
Decorative Arts, Part II: Far
Eastern Ceramics and Paintings
By: Virginia Bower, Josephine Hadley Knapp,
Stephen Little, Robert Wilson Torchia
(Contributor) 2002
Decorative Arts, Part II: Far Eastern Ceramics
and Paintings; Persian and Indian Rugs and
Carpets (Collections of the National Gallery of
Art.)
From the Publisher
|
Decorative
Arts
Part
II: Far Eastern Ceramics and Paintings;
Persian and Indian Rugs and Carpets
VIRGINIA BOWER, JOSEPHINE HADLEY
KNAPP, Freer Gallery of Art, Smithsonian
Institute, Washington, STEPHEN LITTLE,
Art Institute of Chicago, and ROBERT
WILSON TORCHIA
With contributions by JUDY OZONE and
WILLIAM SARGENT
This volume explores a group of
the Gallery's decorative arts, mainly
drawn from the renowned collections of
the Widener and Steele families. The
focus of the catalogue is on the
collection of Chinese ceramics, which
ranges from earthenware and stoneware to
polychrome procelain, with a
concentration on pieces from the Qing
dynasty (1644-1722). The carpets from
Lynnewood Hall, P.A.B. Widener's home in
Pennsylvania, are also catalogued and
published here for the first time.
360 pp.; 263 color and 7 b/w plates;
0-89468-252-0
https://www.oup-usa.org/isbn/0894682520.html
|
|
Toueir, Kassem.
Trabelsi,
Nizar.
Nizar Trabelsi is active with
al-Qaeda. Former Tunisian soccer player he
trained in al-Qaeda
terrorist training camps in Afghanistan with Djamel Beghal.
Beghal and Trabelsi studied under
fundamentalist Muslim cleric Abou Qatada at the
Regent's Park mosque in central London.
Train, John.
Transoxiana
Literally Across the Oxus. This
is the land north and east of the Amu Darya
river. Also known as Turan or Turkestan.
Transoxiana is English for
Mavara'onnahr or Mawarennahr
which means land beyond the river. This was the
name for the land in the Syr Darya and Amu Darya
river drainage. Spuler,
Bertold. The Mongols in History. Page 12
note.
Transylvanian
Rugs
Notes on
Transylvanian Rugs
Transylvanian Rugs a group of
Ottoman rugs that were found in Transylvanian
Churches in Eastern Europe. Some feel that they
were Anatolian in origin and got to Transylvania
as trade goods. Once there they were donated to
Churches. The other main school of thought was
that they were local to Transylvania. Charles Grant Ellis
championed this second opinion. These rugs are
sometimes called Siebenburgen rugs after the
Seven Mountain region in which they were found.
On my team at State department we
had a Transylvanian. He mentioned that there was
rug weaving in the region as he grew up.
See Beattie for paper.
Traxler, Mark.
Treasure Train
Trench, Lucy.
Tribe
Trilling, J.
Trilling, J. The Roman Heritage.
Textiles From Egypt and the Eastern Mediterranean
300 TO 600 AD. 1982,
Trilling, J., Hattox, R., &
Markrich, L. AEGEAN CROSSROADS. 1983,
Trimbacher, Peter.
Trimbacher, P. Turkische
Handweberei /Turkish Handweaving. 1983,
Trimbacher, P. von: Turkish
Handweaving, Anniversary of the Siege of
Plankenstein ; Austria: 1983.
Trimbacher, Peter et al.: Antique
Anatolian Carpets from Austrian Collections ;
Wien: 1983.
Butterweck, G., Kryza-Gersch, F.,
Neuber, E., Roth, F.O., Stanzer, W., &
Trimbacher, P. Antique Anatolian Carpets
Troost, Klaus.
Troost, Klaus. Die Yomut
(Turkoman Tribes-The Yomud) ; Dusseldorf: 1983.
Troost, Klaus. Muster in
Teppichen de Terkmenen (Rug Designs of the
Turkomans and Their Neighbors) ; Dusseldorf:
(1983)
Troll, Siegfried
Trotsky, Leon.
Trotsky whose real name was Lev
Davydovich Bronstein.
Son of a prosperous Russian
Jewish farmer.
Second most powerful Russian
under Lenin
Max
Forrester Eastman served as Trotsky's
literary agent in the United States, and
translated some of his works. EASTMAN MSS.
Efraim
Sklyansky was Trotsky's right-hand man.
Trotsky was helpful to Armand Hammer
in setting up his concessions in Soviet Russia in
the 1920s.
Leon
Trotsky's My Life
As a Jewish Bolshevik Trotsky was
close with the Jewish leadership of the Communist
Government during Lenin (a fellow Jew) years.
After the death of Lenin, Trotsky was forced out
and Stalin purges started in part to purge the
Lenin Trotsky Jewish clique. Armand Hammer
was also a part of the Jewish Bolshevik clique
but he was smart enough to get out of Russia with
his money by 1930.
Tsagareli, N.
Tsareva, Elena.
Tschebull,
Raoul (Mike).
Tschepelewezkajc,
G.L.
Tsunoyama, Y.
Tugra
Tulip
Tun
Tunsch, Thomas.
Turabi, Hassan.
Turan
Turck, U.
Turker, I. & S.
Turker, I. & S. Kostbarkeiten
Orientaischer Teppichknupfkunst. Vol. IV,
1977, 272 p.,
Turker, I. and S.: Kostbarkeiten
Orientalischer Teppich Knupfkunst Band 5 ;
Karlsruhe: 1978.
Turkey
Turki Al-Faisal
Also: Prince Turki bin Faycal
Prince Turki Al-Faisal is a son
of former Saudi King Faisal, who was assassinated
in 1975.
Former head of Saudi Arabian
Intelligence. Do not confuse with Prince Turki
Bin Saud of the Sudieri
Seven
Three months after the missile
strikes two luxury jets landed at Kandahar
air base. One brought Prince Turki al Faisal, bin
Laden's student friend and the head of Saudi
Arabia's security services. The second was empty.
It was there to take bin Laden back to Riyadh.
Prince Turki, who had been crucial in getting
millions of dollars of official aid for the
Taliban, went straight to Mullah Omar's residence
where a magnificent lunch had been laid out. The
prince began to lecture the Taliban leader about
his ingratitude to his former benefactors. In the
middle of his tirade Omar took a water jug from
an attendant and emptied it over his head.
'I nearly lost my temper,' he told the astonished
prince. 'Now I am calm. I will ask you a question
and then you can leave. How long has the royalty
of Saudi Arabia been the hired help of the
Americans?' Lunch went uneaten and the second
plane returned to Riyadh empty. Shortly
afterwards bin Laden pledged allegiance to Mullah
Omar and recognised him formally as amir ul
momineen - leader of the faithful. His fate and
that of the Taliban were now inextricably linked.
www.observer.co.uk/focus/story/0,6903,582167,00.html
Turki was supposed to have had
this argument with Omar November of 1996.
Witnesses place him hunting in Afghanistan after
this supoosed fight.
"For years, Persian Gulf state elites hunted
rare birds of prey, houbara bustards, in the
bleak hills surrounding Kandahar.
In the late 1990s, according to former U.S. and
Afghan officials, a number of prominent Persian
Gulf state officials and businessmen flew
into Kandahar on state and private jets for
secret hunting expeditions.
For days at a time, the hunters would roam the
hills, releasing falcons trained to catch the
bustards. Some satisfied hunters heaped donations
on their Taliban hosts, officials said--and on Al
Qaeda leaders who occasionally joined them.
Among the reported visitors were high-ranking UAE
and Saudi government ministers. According to U.S.
and former Afghan civil air officials, the
hunters included Prince Turki al Faisal, son of
the late Saudi King Faisal." http://www.spongobongo.com/her9939.htm
Turkistan
National Liberation Movement
"The Movement possessed an
elaborate high level intelligence gathering
organization, military units, education
department, historical roots and precedence. It
could be said that if it was not for the
intervention of the Second World War, the
movement would not have been extinguished in its
outward form. At least two monuments in the
former Soviet Republic of Kazakhstan suggest
continued military clashes between the Turkistan
National Liberation Movement forces and the Red
Army well into the 1930s."Paksoy, Basmachi
Turkish
Islamic Arts Museum.
Turkmen
Guide to
Turkmen Rugs & Carpets
First mention of Turkmen (al
Turk-maniyun) by Makdisi in the 10th century. He
used the term to refer to the Oghuz and the
Karluks. The Oghuz were located near Isfijab in
the mid Syr Darya region. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 57.
Mahmud al-Kashgari refers to
Oghuz and Karluks as Turkmen in the 11th century.
. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 57.
The Oghuz adopted Islam in the
10th century under a leader named Seljuk. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 57.
Turkman began to be used to mean
Oghuz exclusively in the 11 century by Gardizi
and Baihaqi. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 58.
Turkman and Trukhmens split in
1680 with the Trukhmens moving into the North
Caucasus. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 58.
In the 18th and 19th centuries
the Turkmen gained power as the Persians lost
power in the region. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 97.
Turkmen of Iran
Turkoman
Guide to
Turkmen Rugs & Carpets
A major tribal confederation of
Turkic people was the Oghuz Confederation. Later
it split and those who lived in Turkey and
Azerbaijan are best called Turkoman as opposed to
those who stayed in Central Asia who are the
Turkmen.
I use Turkoman as a term for the
Northern and Southern Azerbaijanis. '
10th century First mention of
Turkmen (al Turk-maniyun) by Makdisi in the 10th
century. He used the term to refer to the Oghuz
and the Karluks. The Oghuz were located near
Isfijab in the mid Syr Darya region. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 57.
The Oghuz adopted Islam in the
10th century under a leader named Seljuk. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 57.
Early 11th century. Early 11th
century first Turkic incursions in Armenia. Wagstaff
Landscapes Page 184.
11th century Mahmud al-Kashgari
refers to Oghuz and Karluks as Turkmen in the
11th century. . Krader,
Central Asia. Page 57.
Turkman began to be used to mean
Oghuz exclusively in the 11 century by Gardizi
and Baihaqi. Krader,
Central Asia. Page 58.
Turkmenforschung. Vol 15.
Turkmenistan
Turkey
Turkhan,
Kudret H.
Azeri Turk & carpet dealer
Member of the Topkapi Museum
Society
Turkhan, Kudret H.; ed. by Lynne
Thornton ISLAMIC RUGS Frederick A. Praeger New
York (1969)
Tuttle, Don.
A leading American photographer
of Oriental rugs.
"Photographing Rugs"
Santa Monica: ACOR 3, 1996. Don Tuttle
"Shoot Your Own Rugs"
Denver: ACOR4 Focus Session, 1998.
Tyriakian, S.
Tyson, David.
Tyson, Michael.
Tyvek
Tzareva, Elena
Elena Tzareva is a wonderful
person whose brilliance is only matched by her
incredible warmth, wit, and charm.
Curator, Russian Ethnographic
Museum, St. Petersburg
Articles
1994 Suzanis of Central
Asia, Eothen: Jahreshefte der
Gesellschaft der Freunde Islamischer
Kunst und Kultur, (trans. from Russian),
2./3. Jahrgang, 1991/92, Editio Maris,
Munich, pp. 63-80.
Books:
Tzareva, R.: Rugs and
Carpets from Central Asia ; Vienna: 1984.
Tsareva, Elena. Carpets
of Central Asian Nomads ; Genova: 1993.
Tzareva, Elena. Rugs and
Carpets from Central Asia: The Turkomans,
the Uzbeks, the Karakalpaks, the Kirghiz,
the Kazakhs, the Baluch. Aurora Art
Publishers, Leningrad.
On-Line Book:
J. Barry O'Connell Jr.
Copyright Barry O'Connell 2004 - 2007.
Last revised: November 09, 2008.
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