Turkmen Rugs: Guide to Ersari Rugs and Carpets

What is an Ersari?
Since tribal confederations are pretty well extinct the only practical way I can find to define Ersari is on a linguistic basis. I propose that anyone who speaks Ersari or an Ersari dialect as his native language is Ersari. How those Ersari think of themselves is not particularly germane to the discussion of how they are Ethno-linguisticly grouped.

Who are the Ersari?

I suggest that the Ersari are in fact the direct descendents of the Oghuz Turks. That the Seljuk Turks Turks that conquered Iran and Turkey were an offshoot of the Ersari. The reason why there is such diversity in Ersari weaving is that they are not a tribe such as the Salor or Tekke are they are the remnants of the Seljuk/Oghuz confederation.

The Marechal Taghan Ensi

The Ersari Question (or Ersari I asked)

One of the great rug scholars. Murray Eiland Jr., has been known to make the point that he could not find anyone in Northern Afghanistan who identifies themselves as an Ersari. See Oriental Rugs A Complete Guide page 210

I had a chance to discuss this with Murray Eiland Jr. years ago. Murray was looking for Turkmen who considered themselves Ersari. It is an interesting approach. Still I suggest that if Murray asked what language they spoke he would have found at that time hundreds of thousands of Turkmen who speak an Ersari dialect.

I suggest that Ersari is Azeri and that it is Turkmen. I propose that all the other Turkmen dialects are actually dialects of Azeri/Ersari. As long as we are at it I suggest that Northern Azeri spoken in the Caucasus and Southern Azeri spoken in Iran are dialects of Ersari.

Ersari Mafrash
Ersari Turkmen Mafrash

Guide to Structure:

Warp: wool, Z2S (It is not unheard-of to see hair, sheep or goat?)

Weft: wool, two shoots. (It is not unusual to see hair, sheep or goat?)

Pile: wool asymmetrical knot open to the left. (Kizil Ajak and some Beshir open to the right)

Density: About 56 KPSI. Usually slightly more Vertical than horizontal such as 6-7H by 7-9V or 11H by 13V. The Marechal Taghan Ensi averages 143 kpsi and is very fine for an Ersari weaving. (If it is much finer than that then Salor must be considered.)

Ends: Most often Kilem skirts usually red with blue and or yellow stripes. Warp faced plain weave skirts are not uncommon as well (See Andkhoy Turkmen)

Size: It is unusual to see an old one that is much larger than 9 ½ by 7. The exception are the city made Beshir carpets which can be much larger. See Ersari Beshir Carpet, 12 ft. 7 in. by 5 ft. 8 in. Bags and trappings can be any size. The largest juvals I have ever seen were Ersari (about 5 by 6 ½ feet).

Color: Bright reds such as we see in Salors and Tekkes are rare in Ersari weaving. Bluish reds are not very common either. Softer reds, brick, dusty rose, brownish reds are more the rule. Blues can range from almost black to robins egg blue (robins egg blue is seen in rugs from Labijar see Labijar Taghan Main Carpet). It is not unusual to see small amounts of bright colorfast yellow in antique Ersari rugs. (See Ersari Mafrash).

Ersari Sullayman Main Carpet

Sullayman

In each of the 4 quarters of this Gul we see the design that Richard Parsons referred to as an "inverted ribcage" was what he noted a the main indicator of Sulayman Rugs. The Carpets of Afghanistan Page 114.

Sullayman Rugs:

Ersari Sullayman Main Carpet

Labijar Taghan Main Carpet

Taghan

I feel that this carpet was most likely woven by Taghan Turkmen weavers in the Labijar area. My reason for this is that it is very similar to a Saltuq in design but a few small differences. It does not have the white "Running Dog" borders that we expect in Saltuq rugs. It also lacks the precision in execution of design that I expect in a Saltuq. That is not to say it is not a great carpet. The color is particularly good. In fact the dark blue and light blue are indicators of a Labijar Taghan provenance.

Taghan Rugs:

Labijar Taghan Main Carpet

The Marechal Taghan Ensi

Antique Kizil Ajak Rug

Kizil Ajak

The white dot boarders and the use of yellow points to an attribution of Kizil Ajak Turkmen . The guard border with the small botehs are a prime identifier of rugs from Afghanistan. Kizil Ajak rugs are generally woven with an asymmetrical knot open to the right.

Kizil Ajak Rugs:

Chub Bash

The Chub Bash are generally considered a component tribe of the Ersari Turkmen confederation. Some hold that they are separate from the Ersari and some even hold that they are displaced Chodor.
There are three main groups of Chub Bash the most prolific weaving group in Shebergan and groups also in Mazar-i-Shariff and in Kunduz.

Mazar-i-Shariff Chub Bash Carpet

This is the Classic Chub Bash Gul which some have suggested is derived from the Tauk Naushka Gul of the Chodor. I have never seen any substantiation of that theory and I suspect that it comes from the similarity in design and the similarity in tribal names. Are the Chub Bash displaced Chodor? It take more than a little speculation to convince me. Especially since the Chub Bash are linguistically Turkmen and the Chodor may not be. Another possibility is that this Gul, the Tauk Naushka, The Yomut , the Arabatchi variant and to a lesser extent the Salor Gulli Gul are all descended from an Oghuz progenitor. I also note that the Chub Bash Juval Gul is very close to the frequently postulated prototypical Gul of the Oghuz descendant tribes. while still unproven the Chub Bash seem as likely to be a straight line of descent from Oghuz time rather than split off from the Chodor.

Chub Bash Rugs:

Chub Bash Main Carpet

The Stephen Louw Ersari Beshir

City Beshir Carpet

The Beshir Rug Question

Over the years there is a dichotomy in Beshir weaving that has bothered me. There are Turkmen looking Beshir and then there are large city Beshir rugs that I suspect are Uzbek. For now, I am going to sort them into Ersari Beshir and City Beshir. I am not sure if this sorting will hold I suspect it may be Turkmen Beshir and Uzbek Beshir with the Uzbek divided into city and village. I welcome any ideas on if this group or how this group may be subdivided.

City Beshir

Ersari Beshir Carpet

The Thompson Ersari Beshir Rug, lot 33

The Thompson Ersari Beshir Rug lot 34

The Dodds Beshir Carpet

Ersari Beshir

Ersari Beshir Rug The Stephen Louw

Beshir or Kizil Ajak Prayer Rug

Ersari Beshir Carpet circa 1880 Lot 141

The Thompson Ersari Juval, s1293n36

A huge Beshir chuval face Nagel

Beshir Ensi Rug circa 1880 Sotheby's Lot 65

Of all the Turkmen tribes the Beshir of the Ersari lived about the closest to Bukhara. They wove designs that seem closer to a city design than most Turkmen rugs.

One problem is that some experts started labeling everything they were unsure of as Beshir.

There are also Beshir in Afghanistan who weave a more traditional Turkmen design.

Some Links to Ersari Pages.

Carpet/Rug

Ersari Turkman Main Carpet Early 19th c. Rippon Boswell Lot 115

Sotheby's 13 by 11 foot Ersari Rug Fragment

Carpet by the Ersari Turkmen of Beshir mid 19th W&W Lot 285

Sotheby's Beshir Engsi, C. 1880 Lot 65

Beshire Prayer Rug

Salor among the Ersari

In the 15th century the Salor split from the Ersari taking the Saryk and the Tekke with them. Later they split with first the Saryk then the Tekke gaining dominance. Many of the Salor ended up in Afghanistan in the 19th and 20th centuries. Some of what we call Ersari may be Salor or even Saryk and some is probably Uzbek.

Links:

www.Jozan.net Ersari Rugs & Carpets

Guide to Rugs & Books

La Miniature En Orient

JBOC's Notes on the Bible

New Oriental Rug Notes

Thanks and best wishes,

J. Barry O'Connell Jr.

Persian Rugs the O'Connell Guides

Tabriz Rugs

Kashmar Rugs

Isfahan Rugs