SpongoBongo
Barry O'Connell's Oriental and Persian Rug Notes

Kurdish Rugs: Notes on Kurdish Rug Weaving

These rugs fit into my "Persian Rugs the O'Connell Guides" section and are grouped with rugs woven by people who speak Kurdish rather than the weavers of a particular area.

Kurds are an ancient Indo-European language group of Southwest Asia. Kurdistan spans the junction of Iran, Iraq, and Turkey. The "Kurdish" language has two main branches Kurdish and Kurmanji.

Antique Qazvin Kurd Animal Bag

Persian Rugs/Kurdish Rugs: Haliden Northwest Kurdish Mafrash Panel

The Haliden Northwest Kurdish Mafrash Panel

Population distribution among the Kurds. Total population of about 16 million

Turkey - 43%
Iran - 31%
Iraq - 18%
Syria - 6%
Caucasus - 2%

Source Izady, The Kurds. Pg. 3.

CIA Map of Kurdish Areas

Alevism is one of the three Kurdish religions commonly called the Cult of Angels. The are also called the "deifiers of Ali" and suggest that Ali and Mohammed were temporal manifestations of the same spirit being which they refer to as Alimohammed. Shah Ismail would refer to himself as Alimohammad suggesting his own . Izady, The Kurds. Pg. 150.
The Yezidi cap is the same as the Mithras cap. Izady, The Kurds. Pg. 260

Antique Karabagh Kurdish Runner

Kurdistan was split in the Sixteenth century into approximately the borders of today. Izady, Mehrdad , The Kurds. Pg. 8.
Wing bones from large birds have been found in Archeological digs in Kurdistan dating back 10,800 years. Izady speculates a connection to the Cult of Angels religions of the Kurds. Izady, The Kurds. Pg. 21.
Since Peacocks are not native to Kurdistan or the Caucasus Izady speculates that the so-called Peacocks are actually the Great Bustard once found in the region. The great bustard had multicolored tail feathers but shorter than a peacocks and more like a Turkey's. Izady, The Kurds. Pg. 156.
Yezidism is one of the three Kurdish religions commonly called the Cult of Angels. Malak Tawas or Lucifer as we know him was the first Archangel of the Great Creating Spirit or God as we know him. Malak Tawas was given dominion over earth. He is often represented as a great bird usually called a peacock but Izady speculates the bird is actually a great bustard. Izady, The Kurds. Pg. 156.

First Day of Migration

Migrating on camel back. A Kurdish woman of “Qahremânlu” clan on the path of “Jargalân” region, at autumn migration.

Persian Rugs/Kurdish Rugs: First Day of Kurdish Migration

First Day of Migration

Old and Antique

Caucasian

Hamadan

Kirman

Kurdish Rugs: Kirman Kurdish Bag Face from Rippon Boswell

Northwest Persian

Kordestan

Veramin

Kurdish Rugs: Kurdish Runner Veramin Area W&W lot 32

Kurd Bidjar

Kurdish Rugs: Kurdish Northwest Persian Shrub and Medallion Carpet late 18th c. Sotheby's lot 186

Caucasian Kurd

In the lesser Caucasus the Kurds tended to be the people of the high country. At this point I suspect that many of the so-called Northwest Persian are actually Caucasian Kurds.

Karabagh

Persian Rugs/Kurdish Rugs: Caucasian Kurd runner

Northwest Persian

Kurdish Dragon Bags

Pseudo-Turkmen Gul

Kurdish Rugs: Songhor Kelley Rug dated 1800 Rippon Boswell Lot 133

Rare Kurdish Wagireh from Rippon Boswell

Shrub Carpets

Persian Rugs/Kurdish Rugs: Sautchbulag Rug dated 1845 Rippon Boswell

Kurdish Rugs: 1845 Sautchbulag Rug Rippon Boswell

Proto-Kurdish

Alberto Levi in articles and lectures over a number of years delineated a cohesive group of Kurdish rugs. It is not truly Proto as in coming before because the weavers were Kurdish and there were generations of Kurdish rugs before this group. what is interesting about these early Sauj-Bulagh type rugs is they are the first rugs from this Kurdish group after they were driven out of the Caucasus by the Russian and resettled in the Sauj-Bulagh/Mahabad region.

Sauj-Bulagh type

Warps: wool, natural off white.

Wefts: wool, 2 shoots, rust red.

Weave: fine with little or no warp depression (flat back)

Handle: soft, pliable.

Colors: yellow, red, light and dark blue and aubergine often on a dark brown background, more rarely on a yellow background and very rarely on an ivory background.

The wool is invariably long and silky and the colors brilliant jewel tones.

Persian Rugs/Kurdish Rugs: Alberto Levi "Proto" Kurdish Rug

Kurdish Rugs: The Alberto Levi "Proto" Kurdish Rug

Jaff

Rippon-Boswell Jaff Kurd Bagface Late 19th lot 168

Sauj Bulaq

Rippon Boswell An early Sauj Bulag lot 76

Quchon/Khorasan

Quchan is an important collection point for Kurdish and Afshar tribal and village rugs. The rugs share designs with Northwest and Caucasian Kurds and Afshar.

Abbas Safavi Shah ruled Iran from 1588 - 1629 at the beginning of his reign Persia was in serious trouble. The Ottoman Turks had taken Tabriz and most of Northwest Persia. Abbas Safavi Shah made a treaty with the Ottoman and Persia was forced to pay tribute. While on the eastern front the Uzbek came as far west as Mashad. Abbas used Kurds and Afshar to retake Mashad and gave those Afshar Turks and Kurdish mercenaries land in the Quchan area as a reward for service and as a line of defense against the Uzbeks and their Turkmen vassals. The descendents of those Kurds and Afshar live in the Quchan area and produce rugs.

DEH-BOKRÈ by Pierre Oberling (article on a Kurdish tribe)
The Kurdish People: an Analysis by language, geography, religion and ethnicity Cached Copy
Izady, Mehrdad , The Kurds
Ambassador William Eagleton
- An Introduction to Kurdish Rugs and other Weavings.
Near Shiraz Kurds are absorbed into the Lak tribe of the Luri. Izady, The Kurds. Pg. 1.
Sauj Bulaq is the old name for Mahabad in Kurdistan provice of Iran. The 19th century rugs attributed to Sauj Bulaq are thought to come from the surounding area.
There were also a small German Lutheran Orient Mission (established at Sauj Bulaq [Mahabad] in 1905 and transferred to American Lutheran control in 1911) www.jaas.org/edocs/v12n1/zirinsky.pdf N. B. Sadly the ALC departed from the true Gospel and as part of the ELCA is no longer recognized as an Orthodox Lutheran body.